Understanding Different Learning Styles

December 11, 2024

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Designing an online course involves not only the content but also understanding the types of formats that will work for learners, and this is where the different learning styles of your students play an important role when deciphering what types of content formats can grab their attention and help them better integrate knowledge.

As Albert Einstein once said ¨Any fool can know. The point is to understand. ¨ This inspirational quote is a good reminder for any instructional designer that the key to an effective online learning program is how well your learners understand the information delivered so they can better retain it.

With this said, in this article we will explore the four different learning styles, some of the factors that influence them, and the best tips on how you can apply them so you can improve your e-learning courses and get better results from your students. So, keep on reading!

What Are Learning Styles?

Learning styles refer to the different ways individuals absorb, understand, and retain information. Each person has a unique approach to learning influenced by their own experiences, skills, and preferences. Within education, recognizing these styles is crucial as it enables instructors to adopt strategies and resources that maximize learning effectiveness.

Traditionally, learning styles have been categorized using classic approaches such as the VARK model (visual, auditory, reading/writing, and kinesthetic), which groups learners according to their sensory preferences. However, modern thinkers have expanded this range of approaches, incorporating more dynamic theories that take into account factors like technology, emotions, and cultural contexts to provide a more comprehensive perspective on the learning process.

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The 4 Main Learning Styles

According to Bay Atlantic University, “Each student uses a different strategy to retain information more effectively while studying. Some take notes, others create diagrams, and some prefer listening to lectures, etc.”

Let’s delve deeper into the reasoning behind this statement by taking a closer look at the four main learning styles based on the VARK model by Fleming and Mills. It’s important to note that learners may not rely on just one style but instead use a combination of learning methods taken from these groups.

1. Visual Learning Style: Seeing and Observing

Students with a visual learning style prefer to learn through observation and graphical representation of information. They process content more effectively when it is presented in clear and organized visual formats.

Key Characteristics

Students with this learning style:

  • Prefer diagrams, charts, and mind maps to help them understand relationships and processes.
  • Feel more comfortable with visually structured information rather than lengthy or abstract written explanations.
  • Retain information better when they can see it, such as in the form of images, schematics, or diagrams.
  • Possess strong skills in interpreting symbols, colors, and visual hierarchies.

 

Examples of Recommended Techniques and Activities

To enhance visual learning in an online or in-person course, consider the following activities:

  • Concept maps and diagrams: Organize the main ideas of a topic while highlighting their connections.
  • Infographics: Create visual summaries that combine text and graphical elements.
  • Visual presentations: Use slides with clear layouts, avoiding excessive text or images.
  • Timelines and chronologies: Help learners visualize historical processes or sequences of events.
  • Illustrations and symbols: Represent abstract concepts with icons or images related to the topic.
  • Tutorial videos: Include visual aids, subtitles, or graphic representations to explain relationships between ideas.

 

2. Auditory Learning Style: Listening and Hearing

The auditory learning style is based on the ability to take in, process, and retain information through active listening and verbal interaction. Auditory learners understand concepts better when represented through sounds, spoken words, or music.

Key Characteristics

Students with this learning style:

  • Prefer learning by listening to explanations, whether in lectures, recordings, or conversations.
  • Tend to speak aloud to better organize ideas or recall information.
  • Have a keen ability to pick up on nuances in tone and emphasis.
  • Enjoy collaborative learning through debates, questions, and answers.
  • Retain information better when they can listen to it repeatedly, such as through podcasts or audiobooks.

 

Examples of Recommended Techniques and Activities

Consider integrating these elements into your courses:

  • Audio recordings: Provide lesson summaries in the form of podcasts or downloadable audio files.
  • Group discussions: Organize activities where students can debate and express ideas.
  • Reading aloud: Encourage learners to read content aloud to enhance comprehension.
  • Video calls or interactive online classes: Create spaces for active participation and questions.
  • Oral mnemonic techniques: Use songs or rhymes to help learners remember key concepts.
  • Verbal feedback: Offer comments and suggestions in audio format or in person.

 

3. Kinesthetic Learning Style: Doing and Moving

The kinesthetic learning style is centered around action and experimentation. Learners process information best through hands-on experiences, movement, and active participation.

Key Characteristics

Students with this learning style:

  • Prefer learning by doing, handling objects, and experiencing real-life situations.
  • Recall information better when it’s tied to physical activities or sensory experiences.
  • Need frequent movement to stay focused, including making gestures or changing posture.
  • Enjoy learning through action-based activities such as role-playing or workshops.
  • Connect learning with emotions, associating experiences with specific feelings.

 

Examples of Recommended Techniques and Activities

  • Learning by doing: Assign practical tasks like simulations or collaborative projects.
  • Live demonstrations: Combine explanations with practice for students to observe and replicate later.
  • Role-playing: Allow students to assume different roles in simulated scenarios.
  • Labs and workshops: Provide opportunities to practice using specific tools or equipment.
  • Interactive videos and real-life cases: Allow students to pause, explore, and make decisions within storylines.
  • Project-based learning: Encourage work on meaningful projects integrating theory and practice.

 

4. Reading/Writing Learning Style: Reading and Writing

Students with this learning style process and retain information most effectively through text and note-taking. Words are their primary tool for understanding concepts and organizing ideas.

Key Characteristics

Students with this learning style:

  • Prefer written content they can read at their own pace, such as manuals, reports, or articles.
  • Have a strong affinity for taking notes to internalize and organize information.
  • Enjoy writing summaries or explanations as part of their learning process.
  • Feel comfortable with exercises involving clear textual structures like lists, outlines, or definitions.
  • Value resources like dictionaries, guides, and encyclopedias—physical or digital.

 

Examples of Recommended Techniques and Activities

  • Written guides and manuals: Provide detailed documents learners can consult and study independently.
  • Text-based presentations: Use slides with clear explanations and well-organized data.
  • Summary activities: Assign tasks where students write summaries or key points from a text.
  • Writing exercises: Encourage drafting essays, compiling reports, or creating content based on learned material.
  • Downloadable resources: Offer PDFs, whitepapers, or eBooks with comprehensive content.
  • E-learning platforms: Use platforms that allow reading, note-taking, and material organization in a digital environment.

 

This approach not only helps consolidate students to learn more effectively but also develops their writing and analytical skills, which can be applied to various contexts. While many students combine multiple styles, these methods will help to ensure that reading/writing learners have resources specifically tailored to their needs.

Beyond the Four Styles: Other Theories on Learning Styles

While the VARK model is well-known, it’s not the only approach to understanding how people learn. Other theories consider factors such as cognitive preferences, types of intelligence, and practical adaptations. These models offer fresh perspectives for designing inclusive and effective educational experiences. Here are four prominent models:

Kolb’s Experiential Learning Model

David Kolb’s model focuses on how individuals perceive and process information through two dimensions: perception (concrete experience vs. abstract conceptualization) and processing (active experimentation vs. reflective observation). This leads to four distinct learning styles:

  • Convergent: Learners who excel at problem-solving and applying ideas in real-world scenarios. They prefer tasks with clear solutions.
  • Divergent: Creative thinkers who thrive on brainstorming and exploring multiple perspectives through concrete experiences.
  • Assimilator: These learners enjoy theorizing, analyzing, and logically structuring information, favoring abstract ideas over immediate action.
  • Accommodator: Action-oriented learners who prefer hands-on experiences and experimentation over reflection or theoretical learning.

 

Herrmann’s Brain Dominance Model

Ned Herrmann’s model divides cognitive processing into four quadrants: analytical, practical, relational, and experimental. Each learner has unique preferences, shaping how they process information.

  • Analytical: Prefer data-driven content, logical analysis, and factual details.
  • Practical: Thrive on structured tasks with clear, sequential steps.
  • Relational: Favor collaborative learning and emotional connections through social interaction.
  • Experimental: Enjoy exploring new ideas, creative tasks, and innovative learning environments.

 

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Howard Gardner proposed that individuals possess a range of intelligences, each contributing to unique learning preferences. Activities tailored to these intelligences enhance learning outcomes.

  • Linguistic: Reading, writing, and debates.
  • Logical-Mathematical: Analytical tasks, puzzles, and math problems.
  • Spatial: Maps, diagrams, and visual representations.
  • Bodily-Kinesthetic: Hands-on exercises, simulations, and role-playing.
  • Musical: Learning through rhythms, songs, and sound patterns.
  • Interpersonal: Group work, discussions, and collaborative tasks.
  • Intrapersonal: Self-reflection and independent study.
  • Naturalist: Activities related to nature and environmental exploration.

 

Felder and Silverman Model

This model addresses sensory perception, information processing, and organizational preferences, creating customized learning profiles for individuals.

  • Sensing/Intuitive: Provide concrete examples for sensing learners and abstract concepts for intuitive learners.
  • Visual/Verbal: Combine images, charts, and diagrams with detailed text-based explanations.
  • Active/Reflective: Use group projects for active learners and individual tasks for reflective learners.
  • Sequential/Global: Present content linearly for sequential learners and emphasize interconnected concepts for global learners.

Factors Influencing Learning Styles

Learning styles are neither fixed nor universally applicable; they are shaped by a wide range of factors that influence how each individual processes, retains, and applies knowledge. These factors include personal characteristics, social influences, and even the impact of technology and the educational environment. Understanding these variables allows educators to personalize teaching strategies and enhance learning outcomes.

Personal and Psychological Factors

Individual factors play a key role in shaping learning styles, as each person has a unique way of interpreting and processing information.

Individual Preferences and Innate Abilities

  • Individual Preferences: Some individuals prefer learning through visual elements, while others prefer sound, movement, or words. These preferences may be linked to past experiences or personal comfort levels.
  • Innate Abilities: Traits such as creativity, logical thinking, problem-solving skills, or the ability to connect concepts also influence how individuals absorb knowledge.

Recognizing these factors helps educators tailor educational approaches to students’ strengths and preferences.

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Social and Cultural Factors

Social and cultural contexts significantly impact learning styles by shaping beliefs, values, and expectations related to education.

How Environment and Culture Affect Learning Styles

  • Social Environment: Support from family, peers, and educators can either foster or limit access to specific educational resources, influencing learning preferences.
  • Culture: Some cultures value group-based and collaborative learning, while others prioritize individual, reflective learning. Perceptions of educational success may vary depending on cultural values.
  • Language and Communication: Language and communication patterns affect how learners prefer content to be presented and how they process it.

Considering these influences allows for more inclusive and culturally relevant learning experiences.

Technological and Educational Environment Factors

In the digital age, both technology and the learning environment play an increasingly important role in how students interact with knowledge.

The Impact of Digital Tools on Learning Styles

  • Access to Interactive Content: Tools such as simulations, videos, mobile apps, and e-learning platforms offer diversified learning methods, enabling students to choose approaches that align with their preferences.
  • Content Adaptability: Many educational technologies use artificial intelligence to personalize learning materials based on individual needs.
  • Hybrid and Online Environments: Digital spaces enable students to combine different learning styles, such as visual and kinesthetic, through engaging interactive activities.

These technological factors expand learning possibilities while driving innovation in educational methods.

Optimal Learning Environments for Different Styles

Selecting the right technology that adapts to various learning styles is essential for enhancing knowledge retention and motivation.

There are many e-learning technologies that provide a wide variety of content formats and communication channels to improve learning outcomes effectively.

For example, authoring tools such as isEazy Author, allow you to create course content with a wide range of resources suitable for all types of learners. You can include videos, simulations, exercises, and games that appeal to kinesthetic and analytical learners, insert links to external sources like e-books or websites for solo learners, and even create graphs and infographics for visual learners.

For Reading/Writing or Social/Linguistic learners, training apps such as isEazy Engage or LMS/LXP platforms like isEazy LMS are ideal learning environments. Both mobile training apps and LXP platforms offer communication channels where social learners can interact with others through chats and forums, as well as share and comment on content. Additionally, these platforms feature knowledge-sharing spaces where reading/writing learners can access written resources such as articles, manuals, PDFs, and much more.

As you can see, the e-learning technology market offers various learning environments equipped with features that cater to all learning styles. When searching for the ideal learning environment, ensure it includes tools for evaluation, provides constructive feedback to learners, and features self-evaluation options for continuous improvement.

Assessing and Providing Feedback for Different Learning Styles

Giving constructive feedback to students is an integral part of the learning process. It helps them assess their results and, if done right, can improve motivation and performance.

However, performing assessments should not be a one-size-fits-all approach. Just as students learn differently, feedback should also be adapted to each learning style. Here’s how to provide feedback tailored to different learners:

Feedback for Visual Learners

Present information clearly, concisely, and in an organized way. Use visual aids such as graphs, charts, diagrams, or screenshots with highlighted elements like colors, symbols, and icons to emphasize main points.

Feedback for Auditory Learners

Provide verbal feedback in a conversational, engaging, and expressive way. Use examples and stories to explain points and demonstrate relevance. Audio recordings can deliver personalized feedback, while chats and forums facilitate interactive discussions.

Feedback for Reading/Writing Learners

Offer detailed, accurate, and logical feedback supported by data and references. Use blogs or articles that back up your comments. Providing clear guidelines with instructions, recommendations, or action steps ensures full comprehension.

Feedback for Kinesthetic Learners

Provide practical, experiential, and motivational feedback. Use gamification tools like isEazy Game, which offers instant feedback through interactive experiences that align with this learning style.

Applying these feedback strategies tailored to different learning styles will help students better understand course content through personalized assessments. Each learner will respond positively when their unique characteristics are considered.

While the VARK model offers a useful framework for educators and trainers, research shows that adopting a holistic approach to education benefits students. In the following section, we’ll explore why integrating multiple learning styles is advantageous.

Combining Multiple Learning Styles for a Holistic Education

In an increasingly diverse educational world, integrating multiple learning styles into courses has become a vital strategy to address the needs of all students. This approach involves combining various methodologies and resources to create a comprehensive, inclusive, and effective learning experience.

Strategies for Combining Different Learning Styles in an Educational Environment

The key to integrating multiple learning styles is flexibility and creativity when designing an educational experience. Here are several examples of hybrid and multichannel approaches you can use:

  • Multiformat Design: Combine written materials for reading/writing learners with diagrams for visual learners, recordings for auditory learners, and hands-on activities for kinesthetic learners.
  • Collaborative Projects: Include group activities that allow students to contribute through their individual strengths, such as debates (auditory), visual aids (visual), and prototypes (kinesthetic).
  • Digital Platforms: Use tools that contain interactive and customizable content, such as simulators, explanatory videos, and downloadable resources.
  • Problem-Based Learning (PBL): Create real-life scenarios where students must research, discuss, and apply their knowledge, promoting both reflective and practical learning styles.
  • Use of Technology: Implement applications and software that adapt content to individual preferences, ensuring a personalized learning experience for all.

This approach not only caters to diverse student needs but also fosters a dynamic and engaging educational environment where all learners can thrive.

The Benefits of Holistic Education

Holistic education aims not only to impart knowledge but also to develop skills, values, and emotional competencies that prepare students to face real-world challenges. Below are some key benefits of combining learning styles:

  • Greater Engagement and Motivation: Adapting to each student’s preferences builds a stronger connection between learners and content.
  • Comprehensive Development: Experiencing diverse educational methods helps students reinforce strengths while discovering new ways to learn and solve problems.
  • Educational Inclusion: A variety of strategies ensures that all students, regardless of their learning styles, have access to an enriching educational experience.
  • Preparation for the Real World: Integrating multiple styles reflects the dynamic nature of lifelong learning, where relying on a single approach may hinder future development.
  • Encourages Creativity: Exposure to diverse methods and resources stimulates innovative and flexible thinking.

Implementing holistic education means not just teaching but actively inspiring students to explore their full potential in an environment that values the diversity of their learning styles.

Adapting to Evolving Learning Styles in the Digital Age

In the digital age, learning styles are evolving as technology reshapes education. Students engage with interactive tools, online resources, multimedia content, and social networks, which demand a flexible teaching approach. Educators must adapt by integrating digital platforms, fostering collaboration through social tools, and offering personalized learning experiences.

Emphasizing adaptability and leveraging technology can enhance engagement, cater to diverse learning preferences, and prepare students for the future. As learning styles continue to evolve, embracing digital innovations will be key to fostering effective education.

To sum up, considering diverse learning styles and personalities when planning course content and evaluations helps educators maximize student potential. Furthermore, selecting flexible and adaptable learning environments with tools that support various learning styles ensures alignment with modern educational methods.

Want to maximize the potential of your students? isEazy offers a complete e-learning toolkit that adapts to any learning style. Design courses with an authoring tool offering interactive resources, enhance experiential learning with the gamification app, adapt to modern methods with a mobile training app, and share knowledge via an LMS designed for dynamic and flexible content presentation.

Frequently Asked Questions ​on​​​ Learning Styles

Can someone have more than one learning style?

Yes, it​’​​​s entirely possible to have more than one learning style. Many people combine ​the qualities​​​ of different styles, such as visual, auditory​​ or kinesthetic, depending on the content ​they encounter ​or ​their ​learning context. ​Learning to ​​​​a​dapt​​ to various styles can ​also ​enrich the educational experience and facilitate knowledge acquisition in di​fferent​​​ situations.

What are the benefits of understanding learning styles?

Understanding learning styles allows ​you to​​​r personalize​ teaching and make it more effective​​​​​. By tailoring educational methods to individual preferences, ​you can​​​ enhance​​ knowledge retention, foster​​ engagement​​ and facilitate​​ skill development. Additionally, this understanding ​can ​help​ you​​​​​ ​to ​​​​d​esign more inclusive ​educational ​strategies​ that​​​ address the specific needs of each learner.

Which learning styles are best suited for online education?

Visual and auditory styles ​​​​ are ​particularly well-suited for ​online education​​​, ​with​​​ platforms often includ​ing​​​ materials such as videos, graphics, presentations​​ and recordings. However, the kinesthetic style can also be in​tegrated​​​ through interactive activities, simulations​​ or practical projects, ensuring that all learners can benefit ​within a​​​ digital environment.

How can ​different ​learning styles be identified ​within​​​​​ a group?

In order to​​​o identify ​different ​learning styles ​with​in a group, educators can use questionnaires, ​make ​direct observation​s​, and analy​ze student​​​​​ preferences during practical activities. Digital tools, such as interactive surveys and data analytics in e-learning platforms, also make it easier to collect information on how each learner interacts with educational materials​,​ and which methods ​may be​​​ most effective for them.

Fernando González Zurita
Fernando González Zurita
SEO Specialist at isEazy

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